There are number of Medical terms that are used by doctors, nurses and any other healthcare practitioners when we come across and we don't know what are they . These words have long list and they are very important that you must understand .Medical terminology is the collection of words and phrases used to describe medical procedures and diagnoses. If your medical provider uses a word you don't understand, make sure to get the answers you need. Because these are the services that may your Medical Healthcare insurance may cover or may not cover or may require pre-authorization or have limited benefits . In case you forget ask your medical provider what that word means you all can search on web or refer below as almost all the different word or medical terminology used by Medical Healthcare Practitioners are described below alphabetically. As everyone know in this scientific world everyday there is lot more inventions and discoveries happening medical terminology are also changing and keep on updating . There may be chance that some medical terminology may be missing but pages are kept under track review so that if any changes any updation comes soon they can be updated under the section which they belong to .
Medical Terminology List
Medical terminology with Prefix A
Abatement
A decrease in the acuity of a symptom.
Abdomen
Area of the body located between the thorax and pelvis which contains the abdominal cavity and viscera.
Ablation
Surgical removal of a part of the body, such as an amputation of a limb or removal of an abnormal tissue growth.
Abrasion
The rubbing away of the superficial layers of the skin through friction due to trauma, therapy, or normal function.
Abscess
A collection of fluid, called pus, located on or in the body that is an immune system response to a foreign body or ineffective substance. It is characterized by swelling, heat, redness, and pain.
Acampsia
Increased rigidity or inflexibility of a joint, resulting in an inability to flex or extend it.
Acanthesthesia
Also known as paresthesia, it is the “pins and needles” sensation experienced when circulation has been interrupted for a period of time and then restored.
Acrocyanosis
Blueness of the hands and feet caused by a decrease in the blood supply and oxygen, either by constriction or spasm of the small blood vessels.
Acrotic
An absent or extremely weak pulse.
Acupuncture
A form of traditional Chinese medicine believed to restore the body’s energy flow. Sharp, thin needles are used in very specific points on the body.
Acute
Condition characterized by sudden, rapid severity and ending after a short course.
Adrenergic
Referring to sympathetic nerve fibers of the autonomic nervous system that secretes epinephrine/norepinephrine during nerve impulses.
Afebrile
without fever.
Agonist
A medication or other substance that combines with a cell receptor which then stimulates a predictable physiologic response.
Alkaloid
Chemicals that are found naturally in plants with medicinal properties.
Allergy
Hypersensitivity to a substance producing local and systemic reactions, such as rash, runny eyes, or anaphylaxis.
Amputation
The surgical removal of a body part, either due to disease, gangrene, or severe pain.
Amyotonia
Characterized by absence of muscle tone.
Analgesia
The absence of pain in response to stimulation that would normally be painful without loss of consciousness.
Anaphylaxis
Extreme immune system response to an allergen that is rapid in onset and can potentially be fatal.
Ankylosis
The fixation or immobility of a joint as a result of trauma, surgery, bone fusion or disease.
Antagonist
Medication that counteracts the actions and properties of another.
Arrhythmia
Also known as an irregular heartbeat, it is the interruption of a heart rhythm.
Asymptomatic
Without symptoms.
Atrophy
Deterioration of an organ or tissue which had previously been normally developed due to disease, malnutrition, disuse, or poor blood circulation.
Autonomic Nervous System
The portion of the central nervous system containing the sympathetic and parasympathetic subsystems which controls the involuntary actions of the body, including breathing, heart beat, gastrointestinal movement, etc.
Acidosis
An abnormally high level of acid in the blood. This can be because the lungs are not working well, because of inadequate amounts of oxygen reaching parts of the body or a combination of both.
Anaemia
Too little haemoglobin in the blood (see ‘Haemoglobin’).
Apgar score
A simple way of assessing a the baby’s health immediately after birth, by scoring ‘points’ for heart rate, breathing, skin colour, tone and the baby’s reactions.
Apnoea
A temporary pause in breathing.
Apnoea of prematurity
When a baby stops breathing for a period of 20 seconds or longer. It is often seen in premature babies and is due to the immaturity of part of the brain that controls breathing. Often the baby starts breathing on his/her own, but occasionally needs to be stimulated with a gentle shake. Caffeine is sometimes given to help stimulate the baby’s breathing. Most babies will grow out of apnoea of prematurity by the time they are around 36 weeks.
Apnoea alarms or monitors
When babies are on a ventilator it doesn’t matter if they take a pause in their breathing. Once the ventilator has been removed, any pauses are more of a problem. CPAP can help, but babies may also be fitted with a monitor that checks that they are breathing regularly. These set off an alarm if the baby pauses for too long between two breaths. “Apnoeic attacks” are short spells in which breathing is interrupted. These episodes often occur repeatedly.
Asphyxia
Too little oxygen and too much carbon dioxide in the blood of the foetus or baby. The most common time for asphyxia to occur is at birth.
Aspirate
This term is used in two different ways in the neonatal unit. Doctors and nurses may talk about ‘checking the aspirate’ before putting a milk feed down a nasogastric or orogastric tube. This means that that a syringe is attached to the end of the feeding tube to obtain a small amount of the baby’s stomach contents. It will be tested by using pH paper or stick to ensure that the tube is in the stomach and it is safe for feeding.
Another way in which you may hear the term aspirate relates to when a substance other than air (meconium) is inhaled into a baby’s lungs before the baby has been fully delivered. This is called meconium aspiration, which can be a serious, although rare, condition (see ‘Meconium’ and ‘Meconium aspiration’ for further information).
Audiology (hearing) tests
There are two main ways of assessing a baby’s hearing. Both involve placing earphones over the baby’s ears to deliver a series of clicks. The baby’s responses to the clicks are then analysed.
Medical terminology with Prefix B
Bagging
Putting a mask connected to a squeezable bag or pressure device over the baby’s nose and mouth to help breathing.
Bilirubin
A yellow pigment in the blood that gives a yellow colouring to the skin. High levels can be dangerous.
Blood cultures
When it is suspected that a baby may have an infection, a small blood sample is collected and added to some special fluid. This is kept warm, which encourages bacteria to grow. Results are available after 48 hours. When it is known what bacteria are present, it can be checked that the baby is on the right antibiotics.
Blood gases
This is a laboratory test to find out levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases and acids in the blood. The purpose is to work out how well the lungs and circulation are functioning.
Blood gas monitors
A blood sample is taken, either from an artery or from the heel of the foot. Monitoring blood gases is an essential part of the care of a sick baby. The number of gases that need to be checked depends on the problems the baby has. Monitors can be used to check that appropriate ventilation is being given as well as measuring sodium levels in the blood.
Blood pressure
This is the pressure generated in the arteries in the body by the pumping of the heart. It is often monitored in babies who are unwell. If the blood pressure is abnormally low, the baby may be treated with drugs to improve it.
Blood transfusion
This is when extra blood is given. A blood transfusion may be needed to treat severe anaemia (a lack of red blood cells) or during or after an operation.
Bradycardia
This is when the heart rate temporarily slows down. This is common in preterm babies. It is usually part of apnoea of prematurity (described above). In most cases, the baby recovers on his/her own. Occasionally mild stimulation is needed to make the baby respond. These episodes stop after about 36 weeks’ gestation.
Bacteria
Microscopic unicellular forms of life that cause infection and disease.
Benign
A condition or abnormal growth that is treatable and not life-threatening. Opposite of malignant.
Biopsy
Removal of a portion of tissue for further examination for diagnostic purposes.
Blood Pressure
Measurement of the pressure of blood on the walls of the arteries dependent on the action of the heart. Measured when the heart contracts (systolic) over when the heart is filling with blood (diastolic).
Bone Scan
A test that detects increased or decreased bone metabolism which indicate fracture, tumors, or infections.
Breast pump
Piece of equipment that is both manual and electric, which is used for expressing breast milk.
Medical terminology with Prefix C
Cardiovascular
Pertaining to the heart and blood vessels of the body.
Catilage
Connective tissue found in the joints, nose, outside of the ears, as well as other parts of the body.
Cavity
Hollow space within the body that contains one or more organs.
Catheter
A hollow, flexible tube for passage into a structure to remove or inject fluid.
CT (computed tomography) Scan
X-rays taken from many different angles of the body and arranged by the computer to give a three-dimensional picture of a structure. Also known as a CAT (computerized axial tomography) scan.
Chondritis
Inflammation of cartilage.
Chronic
Slow progression of a condition that persists over a long period of time. Not acute in nature.
Compression
To apply pressure, either to reduce swelling, prevent further injury, or stop bleeding.
Conscious
Alert, capable of responding to external stimuli.
Contracture
Permanent shortening of a muscle, joint, or tendon so that it cannot be straightened, flexed and extended.
CYANOTIC - Bluish color of the skin and mucous membranes, due to poor circulation and insufficient oxygen in the bloodstream.
Candida
A yeast infection of skin and mucus membranes (mouth, digestive or genital tracts).
Cannula
A very small, short, soft plastic tube that is inserted into a baby’s vein to give fluids or medicines directly into the bloodstream without having to keep using needles. The cannula has wings that are used to secure it in place using tape. Veins in the arms and legs are usually used, although occasionally the veins in the baby’s scalp have to be used. A cannula can last for several days but can also need to be changed every few hours.
Centile charts
Graphs showing the normal ranges of body measurements at different ages.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Fluid produced within the chambers of the brain that flows down and around the spinal cord. If this flow is obstructed, the process by which the fluid is removed is defective and the pressure rises and distends the chambers within the brain, leading to hydrocephalus.
Chest drain
A tube passed through the chest wall to drain off air leaking from the lung.
Chronic lung disease (CLD)
This is a disorder of the lung that may have come about because the baby has been on a ventilator for a long time. When this happens, the baby needs more oxygen and may have difficulty breathing, which can take some time to improve. Chronic lung disease is also known as brochi pulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
Chronological age
A baby’s age from the actual date of birth.
Cooling mattress
A cooling mattress is used for a specific condition where the brain needs to be cooled down to prevent brain damage.
Corrected age
The age a premature baby would be if he/she had been born on their due date.
CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure)
A form of treatment used to help a baby’s breathing and to reduce the number of apnoeic attacks. Using a CPAP machine, the lungs are expanded by applying a small amount of pressure through small prongs just inside the nose or by a small mask over the nose. In some cases a premature baby may be on and off CPAP for several weeks.
Cyanosis
Reduced level of oxygen in the blood that makes the skin, lips and nails appear bluish.
Medical terminology with Prefix D
Dehydration
Excessive loss of water from the body or from an organ or a body part, as occurs during illness or fluid deprivation.
Disease
A disturbance in the body or function of an organ or organs with pathological signs and symptom.
Dorsum
The posterior side of a body part.
Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing.
Dyspnea
Difficulty breathing or breathing that is labored.
Dystonia
Having abnormal muscle tone.
Developmental care
Developmental care is all about making the baby’s surroundings as free of stress as possible. This is done in several ways: reducing the amount of light and noise that the baby is exposed to; in some cases covering the incubator with a sheet or specially made cover; creating a ‘nest’ in which to nurse a baby, which makes them feel more comfortable and secure; reducing disruption to the baby; infant massage; parent involvement in caring for their baby on the unit – kangaroo care, for example.
Dysmorphic
This term is used when the doctors and nurses see some features in a baby that might not be normal. In many cases, however, the features turn out to be normal and are of no concern. If there is a problem, a number of tests will be carried out and, if necessary, other specialists may be asked to look at your baby and give an opinion.
Drip
When fluids or blood are passed into a vein or artery using a needle or plastic tube
Medical terminology with Prefix E
Ecchymosis
The rupture of blood underneath the skin; also known as bruising.
Echocardiography
Non-invasive ultrasound that displays the image of the inside of he heart. Used to identify any structural abnormalities of the heart.
Edema
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the body tissues or body cavities causing swelling or distention of the affected parts.
Electrocardiography
The recording and interpreting of the electrical activity of the heart and measures the actions of the heart for abnormalities.
Electroencephalography
Measures the brains waves and electrical activity of the brain.
Embolism
The occlusion of blood flow by a blood clot, which can result in stroke or heart attack.
Endoscope
An instrument consisting of two fiber optic lines, one which lights up the body cavity and the other which carries the image of that body cavity back.
Erythema
Skin redness.
Etiology
The cause of a specific disorder or disease.
Exacerbation
The relapse of a chronic condition.
Extremities
Parts of the body that are located away from the trunk. Includes the arms and legs.
Electrolytes
Essential substances in the body that, when dissolved, give solutions able to conduct electric current (for example table salt, sodium chloride or potassium chloride).
Endotracheal tube
Soft plastic tube inserted through the mouth or nose to the windpipe (trachea), which in turn is attached to a ventilator to help breathing. It sometimes referred to as a ‘tracheal tube’ by anaesthetists.
Exchange transfusion
Replacing the baby’s blood with blood from an adult donor.
Express breast milk (EBM)
Expressing breast milk means to use a pump, hands or both to obtain milk from the mum’s breasts. The milk can be stored in a freezer or given directly to the baby.
Extremely low birthweight
A baby born weighing less than 1000g.
Extubate
Removing the endotracheal tube (see above) from the windpipe.
Medical terminology with Prefix F
Febrile
Feverish.
Fibrillation
Uncontrollable twitching of muscle fibers of the heart.
Fontanelle
Soft spots on a baby’s head that disappear by 18 months as the bones grow together.
Medical terminology with Prefix G
Gangrene
Death of a body tissue, usually from loss of blood supply
Germ
Microorganism that can produce disease
Gestational age
The number of weeks the baby has been in the womb is known as the gestation. A term baby is one who is born after 37 full weeks in the womb but before 42 weeks. If born before 37 weeks, then the baby is premature or preterm. To work out the expected delivery date (EDD) of your baby, count from the first day of your last period and add on 40 weeks.
Glucose monitor
This is a machine that can measure the amount of glucose (sugars) in the blood.
Grunting
The noise made by a baby with breathing difficulty.
Death of a body tissue, usually from loss of blood supply
Germ
Microorganism that can produce disease
Gestational age
The number of weeks the baby has been in the womb is known as the gestation. A term baby is one who is born after 37 full weeks in the womb but before 42 weeks. If born before 37 weeks, then the baby is premature or preterm. To work out the expected delivery date (EDD) of your baby, count from the first day of your last period and add on 40 weeks.
Glucose monitor
This is a machine that can measure the amount of glucose (sugars) in the blood.
Grunting
The noise made by a baby with breathing difficulty.
Medical terminology with Prefix H
Heart
Muscular organ that continuously pumps the blood to all parts of the body.
Hematemesis
Refers to blood in vomitus.
Hematoma
Collection of blood in a tissue that clots and then becomes encapsulated by connective tissue.
Hyperglycemia
Abnormally excessive amount of sugar in the blood.
Hypertension
Elevated blood pressure.
Hypoglycemia
Abnormally low amount of sugar in the blood.
Hyporeflexia
Below normal response of the reflexes.
Hypotension
Abnormally low blood pressure.
Haemoglobin
Carries oxygen around the body. It is contained in the red blood cells
Head box
Plastic box placed over a baby’s head to allow accurate control of oxygen delivery.
Head circumference
Measurement of the maximum distance around the baby’s head.
Heat shield
Clear plastic shell placed over the baby to prevent heat loss.
High frequency oscillatory ventilation
A very different type of ventilator that may be used is called a ‘high frequency oscillator’. Whereas with most ventilators you can see the baby’s chest rise and fall at the breathing rate that has been set, oscillators use very fast rates of 600-1200 per minute, so the baby’s chest vibrates. This may look alarming, but this type of ventilation works extremely well for some of the lung conditions that babies may get.
Humidity
To prevent premature babies losing too much water through their skin, they are often nursed in warm, humidified incubators. Humidity (water) is also added to the gases the baby breathes through the ventilator.
Hyaline membrane disease (HMD)
A breathing problem in which the lungs tend to collapse instead of staying filled with air. This is also known as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
Hydrocephalus
When too much ‘cerebrospinal’ fluid accumulates inside the chambers of the brain. The increased pressure within the brain may cause a rapid increase in head size.
Hypocalcaemia
A lower than normal level of blood calcium.
Hypothermia
When the body temperature drops below 35.5°C (95°F).
Hypoxia
Abnormally low amount of oxygen in the body tissues.
Medical terminology with Prefix I
Idiopathic
Of unknown cause.
Iatrogenic
Condition caused by the treatment for another condition.
Induration
The hardening of a tissue or organ from blood accumulation, inflammation, or growth.
Infection
Invasion of the body by bacteria, fungi, or viruses that produces either a localized or systemic response.
Inflammation
Reaction of the body to injury or infectious, allergic, and chemical irritation and manifested by pain, heat, swelling, and redness.
Intractable
Difficult to alleviate or cure.
Ischemia
Decrease or lack of blood supply to an organ or part due to a constriction or obstruction of the blood vessels.
Incubator
An incubator is a heated bed covered by a clear plastic box that allows the baby to be kept warm without clothes so that they can be monitored very closely. Extra oxygen can be run into the incubator if needed. The levels of oxygen can be very closely controlled and monitored.
Incubator cover
This is a special cover that is made to fit over an incubator to shield the baby from light and noise.
Infusion pump
An infusion pump is like a syringe that provides fluids, medicine or nutrients directly into the blood. These can be given over a set period of time.
Intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV)
This is when an infant is partly helped to breath by a ventilator, and is still allowed to take its own spontaneous breath.
Intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV)
A way of helping breathing mechanically.
Intra-ventricular haemorrhage (IVH)
This is a problem that affects babies born prematurely where there is bleeding into the ventricles of the brain. An IVH can be serious but in many cases it causes no long-term problems. IVHs are graded 1-4, according to their size, and are detected on an ultrasound scan. Grade 1 bleeds are quite common in premature babies and have no long-term consequences. Grade 4 bleeds (the most severe) involves bleeding into the brain tissue itself and may have consequences for the baby’s future development.
Intravenous (IV) lines
IV lines are the fine tubes that are sometimes inserted into a blood vessel, usually in a hand, foot, arm or leg in order to give fluid or medicine directly.
Intravenous (IV) nutrition
A way of supplying all the most vital nutrients directly into the blood by using a central line or via a plastic tube into a peripheral vein.
Medical terminology with Prefix J
Medical terminology with Prefix T
Tachycardia
Rapid heart beat.
Tachypnoea
Rapid breathing rate.
Temperature skin probe
This is a small device that placed on the skin and is able to measure the baby’s temperature.
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
Placing a long, fine tube into a vein the arm of leg means that mixtures of nutrients can be dripped directly into a baby’s blood stream. Initially the mixture may contain glucose, salts and water, with amino acids, fats, vitamins and minerals being added in due time. TPN is particularly useful for babies who are very unwell or whose stomach and gut are not developed enough to digest food.
Transcutaneous monitors
This is a monitoring device that is placed on the skin to measure the blood oxygen levels.
Transport incubators
This is a specialised incubator that is used if the baby needs to be transferred to another hospital.
Tube feeding
Tube feeding is when the baby is fed through a small, fine tube that runs from the nose or mouth directly into the stomach. It is mainly used when a baby is very sick and is unable to feed itself.
Thenar Region
The fleshy part of the palm of the hand located at the base of the thumb.
Thoracic
Pertaining to the thorax region or chest.
Tropic
Resulting from interruption of nerve supply.
Medical terminology with Prefix U
Ultrasound
Non-invasive use of ultrasonic sound waves for diagnostic purposes.
Umbilical catheter
A plastic tube inserted through one of the two umbilical arteries. It is used to take blood samples that will be analysed. Some catheters have a special device that monitors the amount of oxygen there is in the blood.
Medical terminology with Prefix V
Valgus
Abnormal outward turning of the foot.
Vascular System
The organs and tissues that are responsible for circulating bodily fluids such as blood and lymph throughout the body.
Vasoconstriction
The narrowing of blood vessels.
Vasodilitation
The enlargement of blood vessels.
Vasomotor Mechanism
Mechanism that regulates the contraction or dilation of blood vessels.
Vasospasm
Sudden contraction of a blood vessel or a segment of a blood vessel.
Vasovagal Syncope
Episode of transient loss of consciousness distinguished by drop in heart rate and blood pressure, extreme pallor, nausea and sweating.
Vertigo
Dizziness, especially the feeling that one's surroundings are rotating rapidly.
Volar
Surfaces of the soles of the feet or palms of the hands.
Ventilation
Ventilation is mechanical support with breathing, so that the baby will be able to have normal levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in their blood when unable to achieve them for him/herself.
Very low birth weight (VLBW)
A baby born that is less than 1500g.
Vital signs monitor
This is a monitor that measures vital signs, such as blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen saturation levels
Vitamin K
A naturally occurring vitamin that is important for the clotting of blood. Newborn babies often lack sufficient vitamin K and are therefore given it to prevent them from developing a tendency to bleed.
Medical terminology with Prefix W
Waardenburg syndrome
A genetic disorder that causes deafness, white forelock (a frontal white blaze of hair), a difference of color between the iris of one eye and the other (heterochromia iridis), white eye lashes, and wide-set inner corners of the eyes.
Wagner syndrome
A genetic condition caused by a mutation in the gene (CSPG2 on chromosome 5) encoding chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-2, also known as versican. Versican is a substance present in the vitreous body of the eye.
Wamble
Both a verb and noun meaning: 1. To move unsteadily; an unsteady motion. 2. To feel nauseated; a feeling of nausea. 3. (Of a stomach) To rumble or growl.
Water blister
A blister with clear watery contents that is not purulent (does not contain pus) and is not sanguineous (does not contain blood).
A blister is medically termed a vesicle. One that is more than 5 mm in diameter with thin walls and is full of watery fluid is called a bulla.
Medical terminology with Prefix X
Medical Words not yet known . Soon will be updated after hospital Visit.
Medical terminology with Prefix Y
Medical Words not yet known . Soon will be updated after hospital Visit.
Medical terminology with Prefix Z
Medical Words not yet known . Soon will be updated after hospital Visit.
Medical terminology with Prefix I
Idiopathic
Of unknown cause.
Iatrogenic
Condition caused by the treatment for another condition.
Induration
The hardening of a tissue or organ from blood accumulation, inflammation, or growth.
Infection
Invasion of the body by bacteria, fungi, or viruses that produces either a localized or systemic response.
Inflammation
Reaction of the body to injury or infectious, allergic, and chemical irritation and manifested by pain, heat, swelling, and redness.
Intractable
Difficult to alleviate or cure.
Ischemia
Decrease or lack of blood supply to an organ or part due to a constriction or obstruction of the blood vessels.
Incubator
An incubator is a heated bed covered by a clear plastic box that allows the baby to be kept warm without clothes so that they can be monitored very closely. Extra oxygen can be run into the incubator if needed. The levels of oxygen can be very closely controlled and monitored.
Incubator cover
This is a special cover that is made to fit over an incubator to shield the baby from light and noise.
Infusion pump
An infusion pump is like a syringe that provides fluids, medicine or nutrients directly into the blood. These can be given over a set period of time.
Intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV)
This is when an infant is partly helped to breath by a ventilator, and is still allowed to take its own spontaneous breath.
Intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV)
A way of helping breathing mechanically.
Intra-ventricular haemorrhage (IVH)
This is a problem that affects babies born prematurely where there is bleeding into the ventricles of the brain. An IVH can be serious but in many cases it causes no long-term problems. IVHs are graded 1-4, according to their size, and are detected on an ultrasound scan. Grade 1 bleeds are quite common in premature babies and have no long-term consequences. Grade 4 bleeds (the most severe) involves bleeding into the brain tissue itself and may have consequences for the baby’s future development.
Intravenous (IV) lines
IV lines are the fine tubes that are sometimes inserted into a blood vessel, usually in a hand, foot, arm or leg in order to give fluid or medicine directly.
Intravenous (IV) nutrition
A way of supplying all the most vital nutrients directly into the blood by using a central line or via a plastic tube into a peripheral vein.
Medical terminology with Prefix J
Jaundice
Also known as icterus, it is the yellowing of the eyes, skin and mucous membranes due to accumulation of bile salts in these tissues. It is indicative of several diseases such as hepatitis.
Jejunal feeding
Introducing milk, using a special soft tube, directly into the jejunum (part of the small intestine).
Medical terminology with Prefix K
Medical Words not yet known . Soon will be updated after hospital Visit.
Medical terminology with Prefix L
Long line
This is the line that is passed into a vein in the arm, leg or scalp, with the end of the line lying close to the heart. These lines are used to give the baby feeds directly into a vein when the starting of milk feeds has to be delayed.
Low birth weight (LBW)
Babies are considered to have low birth weight if they are less than 2500g, very low birth weight (VLBW) if they are less than 1500g and extremely low birthweight is they are less than 1000g.
Lumbar puncture (LP) or Lumbar tap
If there is evidence of a severe infection, doctors may want to take a sample of the fluid that surrounds the spinal cord. This fluid flows down from the brain, so analysing it should show whether the infection is present in this vital part of the nervous system. A small needle is used, and a doctor will insert this between two bones low in the baby’s back. While many important nerves run through the spine, they will not be damaged because these nerves are higher than the level where this needle is placed. A local anaesthetic is often used to reduce any discomfort for the baby.
Lumbar
Situation in the part of the back and sides between the lowest ribs and the pelvis.
Medical terminology with Prefix M
Magentice Resonance Imagining (MRI)
A technique for viewing internal organs and bones that do not show up well on x-rays. It creates multiple detailed images using no radioactive waves.
Malaise
A general feeling of being ill or having body discomfort.
Myalgia
Muscle pain.
Myoclonus
Sudden abnormal twitching of muscles or muscle groups without any rhythm that occurs with brain disorders.
Myositis
Inflammation of muscle characterized by pain, tenderness and occasionally spasm.
Myotonia
Temporary muscle spasm.
Meconium
Dark greenish material that builds up in the baby’s digestive system before birth. It usually starts being passed as bowel movements within 24 hours of birth.
Meconium aspiration
A baby who becomes distressed before delivery may pass meconium (the dark greenish material described above) while he or she is still in the womb. If the baby then inhales the fluid in which he or she is ‘floating’, the sticky material partially blocks the airways, causing breathing difficulties around the time that the baby is born.
Morphine
This drug is used to reduce the discomfort and stress that babies may experience from some of the necessary treatments being given. It can reduce their own breathing, and so is usually reduced or stopped when a baby is taken off a ventilator. If a baby has needed it for quite a long time, they may become jittery when it is stopped due to the effects of drug withdrawal.
MRI scans
An increasing number of neonatal units have access to MRI scanners. These can give very useful computer-generated pictures of the organs inside a baby without harming him or her. If your baby has an MRI scan, he or she will be placed in a special incubator that keeps him or her safe and warm while inside the scanner. MRI images are extremely useful for assessing the extent of any brain damage and give useful information on the way that the brain is maturing. In most hospitals, the MRI unit is a distance from the neonatal unit, so the baby may need to be in a stable condition for this investigation to be possible
Medical terminology with Prefix N
Nasal cannula
Small tube used in giving nasogastric feeds.
Nasogastric feeds (NG feeds)
Feeding using a fine, soft tube (nasogastric tube) passed through the nose or mouth into the stomach.
Nasogastric tube
This is a long, thin, soft plastic tube that is passed via a baby’s nose into his/her stomach. This tube is used to give milk to a baby until he/she is strong enough to take milk from the breast or a bottle. Sometimes the tube is passed through the mouth and into the stomach.
Neonate
The first four weeks of a baby’s life (up to 28 days).
Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC)
This occurs when a section of the wall of the intestine is swollen or inflamed because of damage to the lining. It is often linked to a period in which the blood flow to the gut wall has been reduced. The abdomen may swell up, and blood is passed through the bowels. Air penetrates the wall of the digestive tract. Sometimes, though rarely, the hole may form a perforation in the gut wall and need surgery.
NICU
Neonatal intensive care unit.
Nitric oxide
This is normally produced in the body to relax blood vessels and so improves blood flow to all parts of the body. When the blood vessels to the lungs remain narrowed, nitric oxide is sometimes given in the inhaled air and oxygen to cause them to relax and allow blood flow to the lungs.
NNU
Neonatal unit.
Neuralgia
Severe pain that extends along the route of a nerve.
Neuritis
Inflammation or degeneration of a nerve or nerve group which is characterized by pain, loss of reflexes and possible atrophy of the muscles affected by those nerves.
Neuropathic Pain
Any neurovascular pain syndrome originating in peripheral nerves and nerve roots which are located in the extremities..
Neuropathy
Any abnormality or disease of nerve tissues of the nervous system.
Neurovascular
Pertaining to both the neurologic and vascular structures.
Medical terminology with Prefix O
Oedema
Swelling caused by too much fluid in the tissues under the skin.
Open cots
Once a baby can regulate his or her own body temperature, he or she can be transferred from an incubator into an open cot (a cot without a roof).
Orogastric tube
A fine tube passed through the mouth and into the stomach. It is used to give milk to the baby.
Oscillator
A high frequency oscillator is a breathing device (ventilator) that delivers very rapid breaths at a low pressure into the baby’s lungs. This can reduce the amount of damage to an infant’s fragile lungs compared to a conventional ventilator.
Oxygen saturation
This is measured by determining the pinkness of the blood as it flows through the hand or foot of the baby. A drop in the baby’s blood oxygen level can be immediately detected as an episode of ‘desaturation’ (desats) and the alarm will alert the baby’s nurse when it occurs. If the baby is moving around a lot, this can interfere with the oxygen measurement and cause falsely low measurement/saturation levels.
Osteodynia
Pain in a bone
Medical terminology with Prefix P
Parenteral nutrition
This is the process of given nutrition directly into the bloodstream. It is often referred to as TPN or total parenteral nutrition. The solutions contain sugars, proteins, fats and vitamins – everything the baby needs to grow. Parenteral feeding solutions are often given through a central line, also known as a long line.
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
The most common problem for very premature babies is that a small connection between the vessels supplying the lungs with blood and the vessels supplying blood to the body remains open. Doctors call this patent ductus arteriosus.
PEEP (positive end expiratory pressure)
Pressure applied during breathing out. This helps to prevent the lungs from collapsing while the baby is on the ventilator.
Periodic breathing
When pauses of up to 10 seconds take place in the baby’s breathing.
Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL)
If parts of the developing brain are deprived of oxygen and blood flow for too long, the brain cells may die and be replaced by fluid cysts. These can be seen in ultrasound examinations (ultrasound scan) of a baby’s brain. Depending on the area affected, PVL may indicate future developmental problems.
Persistent foetal circulation
Before birth, the blood vessels of the lung are narrow. If the blood vessels do not relax after birth, blood flow to the lungs is reduced. Oxygen, and sometimes drugs, are given to open the narrow vessels.
pH
This is about the acidity (low value) or alkalinity (raised value) of the blood. A value close to 7.4 is normal for arterial blood.
Phototherapy
Using blue (not ultraviolet) light to reduce the bilirubin level (also see ‘Jaundice’).
Physiotherapy
Special exercises to improve or relieve physical problems.
Pneumothorax
When there is air between the lung and chest wall if a lung has leaked air.
Posset
When the baby spits up a small amount of milk after feeding.
Pre-eclampsia
This occurs in about one in 14 pregnancies and causes around a third of all premature births. It can be dangerous, particularly if it develops rapidly. The main symptoms are headaches and swollen feet, which are associated with high blood pressure. Although bed-rest can help, the only way to stop pre-eclampsia is to deliver the baby early.
Preterm baby
A baby born before reaching 37 complete weeks in the womb is premature.
Pulse oximeter
Also known as a saturation monitor. This is used to monitor the amount of oxygen in the baby’s blood. It is very sensitive and often sounds an alarm even thought the baby may be OK. It works by shining red light through the hand or foot. From the amount of light absorbed, the oxygen levels can be established.
Pain
An unpleasant feeling relayed to the brain via sensory neurons which is indicative of injury or potential injury to the body.
Pain Killer
Also known as analgesic, this is a substance that relieves pain without causing a loss of consciousness.
Pain Threshold
The point at which one feels the sensation of pain. Those with a high pain thresholds experience the pain sensation later than those with a low pain threshold.
Palliative
Treatment given to alleviate symptoms of a disease but not cure it. This mainly refers to pain management of a chronic disease state.
Palmar
Pertaining to the palm side of the hand.
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Part of the autonomic nervous system or involuntary which innervates the eyes, smooth muscle, head and neck glands, heart, lungs, and abdominal viscera.
Paresis
Partial paralysis of both the voluntary and involuntary muscle groups of the body.
Periphery
The part of the body away from the center, such as the extremities.
Polyarthritis
Inflammation of multiple joints.
Polymyositis
Inflammatory muscle disease that causes moderate-to-severe pain and weakness.
Medical terminology with Prefix Q
Medical Words not yet known . Soon will be updated after hospital Visit.
Medical terminology with Prefix R
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
RDS is a breathing problem that preterm babies can develop. It occurs because of a lack of surfactant in the lungs. The baby appears to breathe quickly (tachypnoea) and the chest appears to be sucked in when the baby breathes. Oxygen is often needed and the baby may need help with breathing (using ventilation and CPAP). RDS is sometimes known as hyaline membrane disease.
Resuscitate
This is to revive from death or unconsciousness by providing first aid procedures.
Retinopathy of prematurity
Damage to the retina area of the eye that is sensitive to light. It is usually linked to the amount of oxygen in the blood reaching the retina and is prevalent in the most premature babies (less than 28 weeks). These babies are routinely checked for retinopathy of prematurity.
RSV (respiratory syncitial virus)
This virus causes cold-like symptoms and affects a large proportion of all babies. RSV can cause breathing difficulties if the lungs are affected. If your baby was born prematurely, is prone to getting lung infections or was born with a congenital heart problem, he or she could be at greater risk of being made more seriously ill if infected with RSV. Very high risk babies might be considered for injections of preventative treatment.
Radicular
Referring to the nerve roots which originate in the spine.
Radiculopathy
Disease of the spinal nerve roots.
Rebound reaction
Relapse of symptoms when medication or treatment is abruptly terminated.
Referred Pain
Pain which is felt some distance from the site of its origin primarily due to nerve signals sharing the same nerve pathway leading to the spinal cord and brain.
Reflex
An involuntary physiologic response to a particular stimulus.
Reflux
Flowing in a backward direction.
Remission
Disappearance of signs of a disease.
Respiratory Rate
Rate of breathing per minute.
Romberg
Inability to stay balanced when standing with eyes closed.
Medical terminology with Prefix S
Scans
The scan machine used is similar to that used to scan mothers during pregnancy and the most common scan is of the head. This is done with a small probe on the fontanelle (the soft spot on top of the baby’s head). There can be many reasons for doing scans, but usually it will be to check the preterm baby as they are at risk of bleeding into the brain. Other parts of the body that may need scanning are usually the abdomen or the heart. A scan of the heart is often called an echocardiograph, shortened to an ‘echo’.
SCBU
Special care baby unit.
Small for gestational age (SGA)
A baby whose birth weight is lower than that of 90% of babies of the same gestational age.
Sleep study
This is a test done on babies who have been on oxygen for a long time and is often performed a short time before the baby is due to go home. The test establishes whether the baby can keep his or her own oxygen levels in a safe range. If the baby is to go home on oxygen, then the test is used to set the amount of oxygen that the baby will need. Usually the sleep study will take place over a period of 12 hours and must include a period when the baby is in quiet sleep, as this is the time that the body’s oxygen levels are at their lowest.
Steroids
Steroids (or corticosteriods) are given antenatally to mothers where the birth seems likely to occur early. The drug crosses the placenta and causes the baby’s lungs to mature for breathing. In babies with chronic lung disease, it may be difficult for the baby to come off mechanical ventilatory support. Low doses of steroids may be given to reduce any inflammation in the lung. Repeated courses of steroids are now usually avoided because there is concern that they may be contributing to some of the developmental problems occurring later in some of these babies’ lives.
Surfactant
A mixture of chemicals that prevent the lungs from collapsing when the baby breathes out. Production of surfactant in the lungs starts at about 24 weeks but is not well developed before 36 weeks’ gestation. This can be the cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) – see above. Replacement surfactant can be given as a liquid into the lungs of the premature baby.
Syringe driver
A syringe driver is used to gradually and continuously give small amounts of fluids (with or without medications) to patients.
Sciatica
Severe pain along the sciatic nerve which radiates from the lower lumbar region to the buttocks and down the legs.
Serotoni
A neurotransmitter which causes blood vessels to constrict and contract and stimulates smooth muscle.
Spasm
Sudden involuntary forceful contraction of a muscle or a group of muscles usually associated with marked discomfort.
Stimulus
Anything that elicits a physiological response.
Subcutaneous
Located just beneath the skin.
Subluxation
A slight dislocation or misalignment of a bone in a joint.
Sympathetic Nervous System
The part of the autonomic nervous system which opposes the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system to regulate function. Activated under situations of extreme stress.
Syncope
Also known as fainting, it is a brief loss of consciousness due to temporary interruption of flow of oxygen to the brain.
Syndrome
A simultaneous grouping of symptoms and signs which form a definite pattern of a specific condition, disease or abnormality.
Medical terminology with Prefix K
Medical Words not yet known . Soon will be updated after hospital Visit.
Medical terminology with Prefix L
Long line
This is the line that is passed into a vein in the arm, leg or scalp, with the end of the line lying close to the heart. These lines are used to give the baby feeds directly into a vein when the starting of milk feeds has to be delayed.
Low birth weight (LBW)
Babies are considered to have low birth weight if they are less than 2500g, very low birth weight (VLBW) if they are less than 1500g and extremely low birthweight is they are less than 1000g.
Lumbar puncture (LP) or Lumbar tap
If there is evidence of a severe infection, doctors may want to take a sample of the fluid that surrounds the spinal cord. This fluid flows down from the brain, so analysing it should show whether the infection is present in this vital part of the nervous system. A small needle is used, and a doctor will insert this between two bones low in the baby’s back. While many important nerves run through the spine, they will not be damaged because these nerves are higher than the level where this needle is placed. A local anaesthetic is often used to reduce any discomfort for the baby.
Lumbar
Situation in the part of the back and sides between the lowest ribs and the pelvis.
Medical terminology with Prefix M
Magentice Resonance Imagining (MRI)
A technique for viewing internal organs and bones that do not show up well on x-rays. It creates multiple detailed images using no radioactive waves.
Malaise
A general feeling of being ill or having body discomfort.
Myalgia
Muscle pain.
Myoclonus
Sudden abnormal twitching of muscles or muscle groups without any rhythm that occurs with brain disorders.
Myositis
Inflammation of muscle characterized by pain, tenderness and occasionally spasm.
Myotonia
Temporary muscle spasm.
Meconium
Dark greenish material that builds up in the baby’s digestive system before birth. It usually starts being passed as bowel movements within 24 hours of birth.
Meconium aspiration
A baby who becomes distressed before delivery may pass meconium (the dark greenish material described above) while he or she is still in the womb. If the baby then inhales the fluid in which he or she is ‘floating’, the sticky material partially blocks the airways, causing breathing difficulties around the time that the baby is born.
Morphine
This drug is used to reduce the discomfort and stress that babies may experience from some of the necessary treatments being given. It can reduce their own breathing, and so is usually reduced or stopped when a baby is taken off a ventilator. If a baby has needed it for quite a long time, they may become jittery when it is stopped due to the effects of drug withdrawal.
MRI scans
An increasing number of neonatal units have access to MRI scanners. These can give very useful computer-generated pictures of the organs inside a baby without harming him or her. If your baby has an MRI scan, he or she will be placed in a special incubator that keeps him or her safe and warm while inside the scanner. MRI images are extremely useful for assessing the extent of any brain damage and give useful information on the way that the brain is maturing. In most hospitals, the MRI unit is a distance from the neonatal unit, so the baby may need to be in a stable condition for this investigation to be possible
Medical terminology with Prefix N
Nasal cannula
Small tube used in giving nasogastric feeds.
Nasogastric feeds (NG feeds)
Feeding using a fine, soft tube (nasogastric tube) passed through the nose or mouth into the stomach.
Nasogastric tube
This is a long, thin, soft plastic tube that is passed via a baby’s nose into his/her stomach. This tube is used to give milk to a baby until he/she is strong enough to take milk from the breast or a bottle. Sometimes the tube is passed through the mouth and into the stomach.
Neonate
The first four weeks of a baby’s life (up to 28 days).
Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC)
This occurs when a section of the wall of the intestine is swollen or inflamed because of damage to the lining. It is often linked to a period in which the blood flow to the gut wall has been reduced. The abdomen may swell up, and blood is passed through the bowels. Air penetrates the wall of the digestive tract. Sometimes, though rarely, the hole may form a perforation in the gut wall and need surgery.
NICU
Neonatal intensive care unit.
Nitric oxide
This is normally produced in the body to relax blood vessels and so improves blood flow to all parts of the body. When the blood vessels to the lungs remain narrowed, nitric oxide is sometimes given in the inhaled air and oxygen to cause them to relax and allow blood flow to the lungs.
NNU
Neonatal unit.
Neuralgia
Severe pain that extends along the route of a nerve.
Neuritis
Inflammation or degeneration of a nerve or nerve group which is characterized by pain, loss of reflexes and possible atrophy of the muscles affected by those nerves.
Neuropathic Pain
Any neurovascular pain syndrome originating in peripheral nerves and nerve roots which are located in the extremities..
Neuropathy
Any abnormality or disease of nerve tissues of the nervous system.
Neurovascular
Pertaining to both the neurologic and vascular structures.
Medical terminology with Prefix O
Oedema
Swelling caused by too much fluid in the tissues under the skin.
Open cots
Once a baby can regulate his or her own body temperature, he or she can be transferred from an incubator into an open cot (a cot without a roof).
Orogastric tube
A fine tube passed through the mouth and into the stomach. It is used to give milk to the baby.
Oscillator
A high frequency oscillator is a breathing device (ventilator) that delivers very rapid breaths at a low pressure into the baby’s lungs. This can reduce the amount of damage to an infant’s fragile lungs compared to a conventional ventilator.
Oxygen saturation
This is measured by determining the pinkness of the blood as it flows through the hand or foot of the baby. A drop in the baby’s blood oxygen level can be immediately detected as an episode of ‘desaturation’ (desats) and the alarm will alert the baby’s nurse when it occurs. If the baby is moving around a lot, this can interfere with the oxygen measurement and cause falsely low measurement/saturation levels.
Osteodynia
Pain in a bone
Medical terminology with Prefix P
Parenteral nutrition
This is the process of given nutrition directly into the bloodstream. It is often referred to as TPN or total parenteral nutrition. The solutions contain sugars, proteins, fats and vitamins – everything the baby needs to grow. Parenteral feeding solutions are often given through a central line, also known as a long line.
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
The most common problem for very premature babies is that a small connection between the vessels supplying the lungs with blood and the vessels supplying blood to the body remains open. Doctors call this patent ductus arteriosus.
PEEP (positive end expiratory pressure)
Pressure applied during breathing out. This helps to prevent the lungs from collapsing while the baby is on the ventilator.
Periodic breathing
When pauses of up to 10 seconds take place in the baby’s breathing.
Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL)
If parts of the developing brain are deprived of oxygen and blood flow for too long, the brain cells may die and be replaced by fluid cysts. These can be seen in ultrasound examinations (ultrasound scan) of a baby’s brain. Depending on the area affected, PVL may indicate future developmental problems.
Persistent foetal circulation
Before birth, the blood vessels of the lung are narrow. If the blood vessels do not relax after birth, blood flow to the lungs is reduced. Oxygen, and sometimes drugs, are given to open the narrow vessels.
pH
This is about the acidity (low value) or alkalinity (raised value) of the blood. A value close to 7.4 is normal for arterial blood.
Phototherapy
Using blue (not ultraviolet) light to reduce the bilirubin level (also see ‘Jaundice’).
Physiotherapy
Special exercises to improve or relieve physical problems.
Pneumothorax
When there is air between the lung and chest wall if a lung has leaked air.
Posset
When the baby spits up a small amount of milk after feeding.
Pre-eclampsia
This occurs in about one in 14 pregnancies and causes around a third of all premature births. It can be dangerous, particularly if it develops rapidly. The main symptoms are headaches and swollen feet, which are associated with high blood pressure. Although bed-rest can help, the only way to stop pre-eclampsia is to deliver the baby early.
Preterm baby
A baby born before reaching 37 complete weeks in the womb is premature.
Pulse oximeter
Also known as a saturation monitor. This is used to monitor the amount of oxygen in the baby’s blood. It is very sensitive and often sounds an alarm even thought the baby may be OK. It works by shining red light through the hand or foot. From the amount of light absorbed, the oxygen levels can be established.
Pain
An unpleasant feeling relayed to the brain via sensory neurons which is indicative of injury or potential injury to the body.
Pain Killer
Also known as analgesic, this is a substance that relieves pain without causing a loss of consciousness.
Pain Threshold
The point at which one feels the sensation of pain. Those with a high pain thresholds experience the pain sensation later than those with a low pain threshold.
Palliative
Treatment given to alleviate symptoms of a disease but not cure it. This mainly refers to pain management of a chronic disease state.
Palmar
Pertaining to the palm side of the hand.
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Part of the autonomic nervous system or involuntary which innervates the eyes, smooth muscle, head and neck glands, heart, lungs, and abdominal viscera.
Paresis
Partial paralysis of both the voluntary and involuntary muscle groups of the body.
Periphery
The part of the body away from the center, such as the extremities.
Polyarthritis
Inflammation of multiple joints.
Polymyositis
Inflammatory muscle disease that causes moderate-to-severe pain and weakness.
Medical terminology with Prefix Q
Medical Words not yet known . Soon will be updated after hospital Visit.
Medical terminology with Prefix R
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
RDS is a breathing problem that preterm babies can develop. It occurs because of a lack of surfactant in the lungs. The baby appears to breathe quickly (tachypnoea) and the chest appears to be sucked in when the baby breathes. Oxygen is often needed and the baby may need help with breathing (using ventilation and CPAP). RDS is sometimes known as hyaline membrane disease.
Resuscitate
This is to revive from death or unconsciousness by providing first aid procedures.
Retinopathy of prematurity
Damage to the retina area of the eye that is sensitive to light. It is usually linked to the amount of oxygen in the blood reaching the retina and is prevalent in the most premature babies (less than 28 weeks). These babies are routinely checked for retinopathy of prematurity.
RSV (respiratory syncitial virus)
This virus causes cold-like symptoms and affects a large proportion of all babies. RSV can cause breathing difficulties if the lungs are affected. If your baby was born prematurely, is prone to getting lung infections or was born with a congenital heart problem, he or she could be at greater risk of being made more seriously ill if infected with RSV. Very high risk babies might be considered for injections of preventative treatment.
Radicular
Referring to the nerve roots which originate in the spine.
Radiculopathy
Disease of the spinal nerve roots.
Rebound reaction
Relapse of symptoms when medication or treatment is abruptly terminated.
Referred Pain
Pain which is felt some distance from the site of its origin primarily due to nerve signals sharing the same nerve pathway leading to the spinal cord and brain.
Reflex
An involuntary physiologic response to a particular stimulus.
Reflux
Flowing in a backward direction.
Remission
Disappearance of signs of a disease.
Respiratory Rate
Rate of breathing per minute.
Romberg
Inability to stay balanced when standing with eyes closed.
Medical terminology with Prefix S
Scans
The scan machine used is similar to that used to scan mothers during pregnancy and the most common scan is of the head. This is done with a small probe on the fontanelle (the soft spot on top of the baby’s head). There can be many reasons for doing scans, but usually it will be to check the preterm baby as they are at risk of bleeding into the brain. Other parts of the body that may need scanning are usually the abdomen or the heart. A scan of the heart is often called an echocardiograph, shortened to an ‘echo’.
SCBU
Special care baby unit.
Small for gestational age (SGA)
A baby whose birth weight is lower than that of 90% of babies of the same gestational age.
Sleep study
This is a test done on babies who have been on oxygen for a long time and is often performed a short time before the baby is due to go home. The test establishes whether the baby can keep his or her own oxygen levels in a safe range. If the baby is to go home on oxygen, then the test is used to set the amount of oxygen that the baby will need. Usually the sleep study will take place over a period of 12 hours and must include a period when the baby is in quiet sleep, as this is the time that the body’s oxygen levels are at their lowest.
Steroids
Steroids (or corticosteriods) are given antenatally to mothers where the birth seems likely to occur early. The drug crosses the placenta and causes the baby’s lungs to mature for breathing. In babies with chronic lung disease, it may be difficult for the baby to come off mechanical ventilatory support. Low doses of steroids may be given to reduce any inflammation in the lung. Repeated courses of steroids are now usually avoided because there is concern that they may be contributing to some of the developmental problems occurring later in some of these babies’ lives.
Surfactant
A mixture of chemicals that prevent the lungs from collapsing when the baby breathes out. Production of surfactant in the lungs starts at about 24 weeks but is not well developed before 36 weeks’ gestation. This can be the cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) – see above. Replacement surfactant can be given as a liquid into the lungs of the premature baby.
Syringe driver
A syringe driver is used to gradually and continuously give small amounts of fluids (with or without medications) to patients.
Sciatica
Severe pain along the sciatic nerve which radiates from the lower lumbar region to the buttocks and down the legs.
Serotoni
A neurotransmitter which causes blood vessels to constrict and contract and stimulates smooth muscle.
Spasm
Sudden involuntary forceful contraction of a muscle or a group of muscles usually associated with marked discomfort.
Stimulus
Anything that elicits a physiological response.
Subcutaneous
Located just beneath the skin.
Subluxation
A slight dislocation or misalignment of a bone in a joint.
Sympathetic Nervous System
The part of the autonomic nervous system which opposes the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system to regulate function. Activated under situations of extreme stress.
Syncope
Also known as fainting, it is a brief loss of consciousness due to temporary interruption of flow of oxygen to the brain.
Syndrome
A simultaneous grouping of symptoms and signs which form a definite pattern of a specific condition, disease or abnormality.
Medical terminology with Prefix T
Tachycardia
Rapid heart beat.
Tachypnoea
Rapid breathing rate.
Temperature skin probe
This is a small device that placed on the skin and is able to measure the baby’s temperature.
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
Placing a long, fine tube into a vein the arm of leg means that mixtures of nutrients can be dripped directly into a baby’s blood stream. Initially the mixture may contain glucose, salts and water, with amino acids, fats, vitamins and minerals being added in due time. TPN is particularly useful for babies who are very unwell or whose stomach and gut are not developed enough to digest food.
Transcutaneous monitors
This is a monitoring device that is placed on the skin to measure the blood oxygen levels.
Transport incubators
This is a specialised incubator that is used if the baby needs to be transferred to another hospital.
Tube feeding
Tube feeding is when the baby is fed through a small, fine tube that runs from the nose or mouth directly into the stomach. It is mainly used when a baby is very sick and is unable to feed itself.
Thenar Region
The fleshy part of the palm of the hand located at the base of the thumb.
Thoracic
Pertaining to the thorax region or chest.
Tropic
Resulting from interruption of nerve supply.
Medical terminology with Prefix U
Ultrasound
Non-invasive use of ultrasonic sound waves for diagnostic purposes.
Umbilical catheter
A plastic tube inserted through one of the two umbilical arteries. It is used to take blood samples that will be analysed. Some catheters have a special device that monitors the amount of oxygen there is in the blood.
Medical terminology with Prefix V
Valgus
Abnormal outward turning of the foot.
Vascular System
The organs and tissues that are responsible for circulating bodily fluids such as blood and lymph throughout the body.
Vasoconstriction
The narrowing of blood vessels.
Vasodilitation
The enlargement of blood vessels.
Vasomotor Mechanism
Mechanism that regulates the contraction or dilation of blood vessels.
Vasospasm
Sudden contraction of a blood vessel or a segment of a blood vessel.
Vasovagal Syncope
Episode of transient loss of consciousness distinguished by drop in heart rate and blood pressure, extreme pallor, nausea and sweating.
Vertigo
Dizziness, especially the feeling that one's surroundings are rotating rapidly.
Volar
Surfaces of the soles of the feet or palms of the hands.
Ventilation
Ventilation is mechanical support with breathing, so that the baby will be able to have normal levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in their blood when unable to achieve them for him/herself.
Very low birth weight (VLBW)
A baby born that is less than 1500g.
Vital signs monitor
This is a monitor that measures vital signs, such as blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen saturation levels
Vitamin K
A naturally occurring vitamin that is important for the clotting of blood. Newborn babies often lack sufficient vitamin K and are therefore given it to prevent them from developing a tendency to bleed.
Medical terminology with Prefix W
Waardenburg syndrome
A genetic disorder that causes deafness, white forelock (a frontal white blaze of hair), a difference of color between the iris of one eye and the other (heterochromia iridis), white eye lashes, and wide-set inner corners of the eyes.
Wagner syndrome
A genetic condition caused by a mutation in the gene (CSPG2 on chromosome 5) encoding chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-2, also known as versican. Versican is a substance present in the vitreous body of the eye.
Wamble
Both a verb and noun meaning: 1. To move unsteadily; an unsteady motion. 2. To feel nauseated; a feeling of nausea. 3. (Of a stomach) To rumble or growl.
Water blister
A blister with clear watery contents that is not purulent (does not contain pus) and is not sanguineous (does not contain blood).
A blister is medically termed a vesicle. One that is more than 5 mm in diameter with thin walls and is full of watery fluid is called a bulla.
Medical terminology with Prefix X
Medical Words not yet known . Soon will be updated after hospital Visit.
Medical terminology with Prefix Y
Medical Words not yet known . Soon will be updated after hospital Visit.
Medical terminology with Prefix Z
Medical Words not yet known . Soon will be updated after hospital Visit.
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